考研英语:必考题型—推理题解题技巧

推理题是考研每年必考的一种题型，今年也必然会考到，它通常会以这样的一种形式出现，如：It can be learned/ inferred from paragraph 4 that. What can we infer from the last paragraph? Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph? Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5? 。对于这种题型大家普遍反映比较难做，因为这种题型很难在文章当中找到定位句。因此遇到推理题，很多同学往往是通读整段甚至整篇文章，然后根据自己的理解进行推理，但通常推理过度导致选错答案。其实无论推理题有多难，它都有定位点，胡乱推理当然会产生过度推理的问题。其实要做好推理题，只需要记住七个字—“竖看主旨，横看句”。给大家举例说明。

2015 Text 3-Q31

31. It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that_______.

[A] Science intends to simplify their peer-review process

[B] journals are strengthening their statistical checks

[C] few journals are blamed for mistakes in data analysis

[D] lack of data analysis is common in research projects

The journal Science is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its peer-review process, editor-in-chief Marcia McNutt announced today. The policy follows similar efforts from other journals, after widespread concern that basic mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the irreproducibility of many published research findings.

根据题干信息我们可以定位到文章*一段，定位以后“竖看主旨”，首先竖着把该段复现词找出来，复现词即是文章要讨论的主要内容，该段出现的复现词是journal，所以文章肯定是讲journal的，找到journal以后，我们可以初步判断，B和C之间肯定会有一个答案，那到底是谁呢，我们需要去看一下journal所在的句子，这就叫“横看句”。通过对journal所在句子的阅读，可以锁定B选项是我们的正确选项。

再比如 2012年的这道题，也是可以通过“竖看主旨，横看句”的方法做出来的。

2012 Text 4-Q36

36. It can be learned from the first paragraph that _________.

[A] Teamsters still have a large body of members

[B] Jimmy Hoffa used to work as a civil servant

[C] unions have enlarged their public-sector membership

[D] the government has improved its relationship with unionists

If the trade unionist Jimmy Hoffa were alive today, he would probably represent civil servants. When Hoffa’s Teamsters were in their prime in 1960, only one in ten American government workers belonged to a union; now 36% do. In 2009 the number of unionists in America’s public sector passed that of their fellow members in the private sector. In Britain, more than half of public-sector workers but only about 15% of private-sector ones are unionized.

通过“竖看主旨”找复现，我们很容易在这段当中找到复现信息词union，这样我们就可以初步锁定答案，C和D。因为只有这两个答案当中有union，那到底是unions呢还是unionist呢，这个时候我们需要“横看句”，也就是看这两个词所在的句子。通过对第二句的阅读，我们可以看出是union的人数从1960的one in ten到如今的36%，表明人数是在增加的，所以C选项为正确选项。

zui后，同学们在做这种题的时候，一定要牢记这个方法，“竖看主旨”这要是通过找复现信息快速锁定正确答案的备选项，排除无关选项。而“横看句”主要是在备选选项当中，通过进一步的定位方法，把zui终的正确答案确定下来。

各位同学在冲刺阶段更需要将方法烂熟于心，这样做题的时候才会轻车熟路。zui后祝大家都能在即将到来的考试当中考出好成绩。

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